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Max Josef Metzger : ウィキペディア英語版
Max Josef Metzger

Max Josef Metzger (3 February 1887 – 17 April 1944) was a Catholic priest and leading German pacifist who was executed by the Nazis during World War II.〔(Max Josef Metzger ); German Resistance Memorial Centre, Index of Persons; retrieved at 4 September 2013〕
==Life==

Born in 3 February 1887, in Schopfheim in Baden, Germany, Metzger studied first at the ''lycee'' in Konstanz, where Martin Heidegger was also a student. Here Metzger gave a lecture on the "History of the Monastery at Reichenau". As a student, Metzger likely lived at Saint Conrad, a student residence established by the archbishop of Freiburg to provide religious training for those preparing for Holy Orders. One of the highly regarded professors at the ''lycee'' was an instructor by the name of Pacius, a democrat and pacifist who taught modern languages.〔(Farías, Victor, Margolis, Joseph and Rockmore, Tom. ''Heidegger and Nazism'', Temple University Press, 1991, ISBN 9780877228301 )〕
Metzger then attended the University of Freiburg and then at the University of Fribourg in Switzerland, where he earned a doctorate in theology.〔(Krieg, R.A., "Max Metzger on Hitler and Ecumenism", ''In God's Hands: Essays on the Church and Ecumenism in Honour of Michael A. Fahey, S.J.'', (Jaroslav Z. Skira, Michael S. Attridge eds.), Peeters Publishers, 2006, ISBN 9789042918306 )〕 In 1911 he was ordained a Roman Catholic priest for the Diocese of Fribourg, and undertook parish work. He served as a military chaplain for the forces of Imperial Germany during World War I. Father Metzger was awarded the Iron Cross on 6 May 1915, and subsequently honorably discharged because of ill health. His experience on the front lines convinced him that “future wars have lost their meaning, since they no longer give anybody the prospect of winning more than he loses.”〔

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